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The French Community ((フランス語:Communauté française)) was an association of states. During 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire during 1946. == Background == The constitution of the Fifth Republic, which created the French Community, was a consequence of the war in Algeria. Under the 1948 French Union there was said to be no French colonies, but metropolitan France, the overseas departments, and the overseas territories would instead constitute a single French Union, or just one France. In reality, the colonies had little power, with all power remaining centralized in the French Parliament.〔Simpson, Human Rights, p. 286〕 On January 31, 1956, an enabling law changed the system, abandoning assimilation in favor of autonomy, to allow territories to develop their own local government and eventually gain their independence.〔Simpson, Human Rights (2004), p. 286-287〕 This was an attempt to quell the concerns over Algerian independence.〔 However, this did not stop the demands for independence. The 1 million French colonists in Algeria were determined to resist any possible Algerian independence, and they made massive demonstrations in Algiers on 13 May 1958. The trouble, which threatened to become to a civil war, provoked a political crisis in France and caused the end of the Fourth Republic. General Charles de Gaulle was recalled to power and a new constitution was written. Initially De Gaulle seemed to confirm the Algerian settlers’ hopes that he would help them, ending a speech to them with the cry “Algérie Française”, but privately he indicated that he did not have any intention of maintaining control of 9 million Algerians for the benefit of one million settlers.〔(Retrieved 9 Jun 2011. )〕 This attitude was manifest in the new constitution, which provided for the right of the overseas territories to request complete independence. On 28 September 1958 a referendum was held throughout the French Union and the new constitution was approved, by universal suffrage, in all of the territories except French Guinea, which voted instead for the option of complete independence. Under this new constitution, the French Union was replaced by the French Community and France was now a federation of states with their own self-government.〔Simpson, Human Rights (2004), p. 287〕 The territorial assemblies of the remaining overseas territories were then allowed four months, dating from the promulgation of the constitution, i.e. until 4 February 1959, to select one of the following options in accordance with articles 76 and 91 of the constitution: #Preserve the status of overseas territory. #Become a state of the French Community. #Become an overseas department (part of the French Republic). None of the overseas territories opted to become overseas departments. The overseas territories of the Comoro Islands, French Polynesia, French Somaliland, New Caledonia, and St Pierre and Miquelon opted to maintain their status, while Chad, French Dahomey, French Sudan, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mauritania, Middle Congo, Niger, Senegal, Ubangi-Shari, and Upper Volta chose to become states of the French Community, some of them changing their names in the process.〔(pp. 10-11. Retrieved 5 Jun 2011. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French Community」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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